Expansion joint construction



May 12, 1942. c. l.. Mrz-n-xvr-:N 2,282,335

EXRNSION JOINT GOSTRUCTIN Original Filed May 10, 1933 2 Sheets-Shet 1 v 59 28 z y'@ O /,Z//W Mu/5%, @fu/2W 7"" v v f W '2113/ V s l' l u.

f l` 49 @ggg May 12, 1942. c. L. METHvr-:N

EXPANSION JOINT CONSTRUCTION Original Filed May 10. 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 c CL YoEL/Wfr/Wf/v n uf, cwlv www Patented May 12, 1942 UNiTE STTES riant orti-be Original application May 10, 1933, Serial No. 670,3l4. .Divided and this application June 7,

1937, 'Serial No. 146,877

(Cl. iid-18) i6 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in the construction of expansion joints `for pavements and .the like. The present application is a division of my application, Ser. No. 670,314, iiled May 10, 1933.

Paving practice of the present day requires expansion ,and contraction joints which are usually filled by some sort of bituminous material. Such joints are of two general types, the .premolded in which bituminous materials are combined with brous or elastic material to lill the joint space, .and the poured type in which plastic bituminous material is poured into amoldedjoint space formed in the pavement.

When pavements are contracted in cold weath er, infiltration of water frequently occurs at the joint, most of this water being surface water which finds its way through the joint to the subgrade below the pavement. In freezing temperatures this moisture freezes into ice lenses in the subsoil which causes heaving of the pavement slabs .at the joints. It is also to be noted .that the shrinkage of the paving 4material and .of the bituminous material is in opposite directions so that in cold weather the bond between the vpavement and the bituminous material is broken thus i forming crevices through which water iinds its way to the 'soil below the pavement.

Thus far, the veffort of engineers working in this eld has been directed to making the expansion joint vas watertight as possible at the top of lthe pavement. But `the results attained have not been satisfactory because of the formation of crevices in cool weather herein referred to, resulting in inevitable infiltration of surface water through the joint and into the subgrade soil.

In cool weather there is also a crevice along the sides of a pavement adjacent to the earth shoulders. Any joint, whether of bituminous material or the so-called air cushion metal box type, which is not absolutely watertight on the ends may still, through these ends, admit much infiltration of water above the elevation of the bottom of the slab. This water flows into the lower section of the joint and thus passes through into the subsoii below, Hollow metal boX types of expansion joints are not made with enduring metal in their lower portions. In a comparatively few years, disintegration of thisI portion permits the infiltration cf water through the ends and thus through the corroded metal into the subsoil below the pavement.

In addition to the heaving caused by water freezing below the pavement in the cold climates, fr

. into the subgrade.

Another object of the invention is to provide a water seal for expansion joints so constructed and arranged that it will expand and contract with movement of the adjacent pavement slabs.

Another object is to provide a water seal for expansion joints Voi simple, durable and inexpensive construction and which may be employed in connection with any type of expansion joint or so-called dummy contraction joint.

Still another object of the invention is to provide, in connection with the water seal herein referred to, la removable core mold for expansion jointsI for providing proper space between adjacent pavement slabs.

A further object of the invention is to provide a removable core mold for producing expansion joint space in pavements which is of simple and durable construction and which may be applied and used in connection with the formation of any of the various designs of joint construction nowgenerallv employed.

A further object of the inventionis to provide an expansion joint construction, including a water seal adapted to remain permanently in the pavement at the bottom of the joint space and which water seal is temporarily connected to a removable core mold by separable means so that the core mold may be removed from the joint space and leave the seal in place.

` A still further object of the invention is to provide la novel method of placing a water seal at the bottom of the joint space in pavements and the like.

In addition, the invention aims to provide numerous improvements in details of construction and use of apparatus for forming expansion joints in pavements and the like having many advantages from the standpoint of elciency in use, economy in cost and maintenance, and ease oi assembly and installation.

Other objects of the invention and further advantages thereof will be more fully brought out as the description proceeds.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown several practical embodiments of my invention but it is to be understood that these drawings are illustrative merely and I do not conne myself to the details of construction therein shown. It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that my invention may be embodied in other forms without departing from the scope thereof or sacrificing any of its advantages.

In these drawings,

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary sectional View through a pavement joint showing the water seal of my invention;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional View through a pavement expansion joint showing a modication lof my Water seal;

Fig. 3 is a. fragmentary perspective view, partly in section, showing the Waterseal construction illustrated in Fig. 2 in combination with a support for pre-molded joint material;

Figs. 4 and 5 arefragmentary sectional views,

similar to Figs. 1 and 2, showing modifications of` the water seal construction;

Figs. 6 and 7 are fragmentary sectional views through a pavement showing Aa so-called dummy contraction joint With a water seal of my invention applied thereto;

Fig. 8Vis a fragmentary perspective view, part-` ly in section, showing a removable core mold of my invention in combination with my water seal construction;

Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional view through the` Fig. 12 is a view, partly in section and partly in elevation showing a, core mold support; and Fig. 13 is a fragmentary sectional View showing a means for interlocking the center section of the core mold with the adjacent end sections.

At the outset, it will be understood that the invention herein to be described and the modifications thereof may be applied to any type of pavement, bridge work, roofing and the like, requiring expansion joints.

Referring now to the drawings, and particul larly to Fig. 1, the reference numerals I5 and I5 indicate adjacent separated slabs of pavement I made of concrete or any other suitable material whichexpands and contracts with temperature 1 changes. The space between the adjacent edges of said slabs is usually lled with suitable bitul minous material I 'I which is either poured into i I the space While in liquid condition or is occu- 1 pied during construction asa pre-molded mixture of bituminous and fibrous substances. As

will be seen from the said Fig. 1, said expansion joint material extends from the top of the pave- 1 ment to a point substantially near the bottom of the said slabs.

The water seal of my invention comprises av flexible metallic member which extends along the joint from one longitudinal edge of the pave- The outer number of loops 22 which are provided for the purpose of permitting expansion and contraction of the metal member in accordance with movements of the adjacent slabs due to temperature changes. Preferably these loops or bends will not be too sharp, thereby avoiding the danger that the continued flexing of the metal member over a period of years might cause rupture.

The member comprising the Water seal may be made of any suitable metal but, preferably, the metal should be enduring and non-corrosive in order to increase the life of the joint and to eliminate, so far as possible, maintenance costs. Suitable metals such as copper and the like may be best used for this purpose.

While from practical considerations of installation and maintenance the water seal of my invention is preferably made of enduring metal, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit my invention to use of such metal. Under certain conditions it will be quite possible to employ a fibrous material or fabric coated with a suitable flexible substance to make it waterproof and sufficiently rigid to retain the shape of the bends and loops formed in the seal. Such materials as composition roofing and the like may be employed for this purpose as well as the enduring metals referred to.

It will now be seen that because of the construction and arrangement of the Water seal herein described it will be impossible for water to nd its way through the joint into the subsoil.

Also, it would be impossible for moisture existingl in the subsoil, and the soil itself, to nd its Way into the joint. This is assured by reason of the fact that the laterally extending portions of the water seal underlie a substantial part of the adjacent pavement slabs and for their entire length. Additional assurance is afforded because of the marginal flanges which are embedded in the pavement slabs.

In order to prevent the entry of subgrade soil into the loops of the water seal, I provide a shield 23 which underlies the water seal and which extends from one longitudinal edge of the pavement to the other. By this arrangement I prevent the possibility of the soil accumulating in the loops or bends of the water seal which would interfere with the free flexing movement of the said water seal.

The foregoing description will make clear a practical embodiment of my invention. It is obvious, however, that the water seal of my invention is susceptible of embodiment in a great variety of other forms and I have chosen to illustrate several such modifications herein.

In Fig. 2 there is shown a modification in which the water seal is provided with laterally extending portions 25 and 26 which underlie adjacent slabs 21 and 28 of the pavenment. In this case,

as in the structure shown in Fig. l, the said lat-- erally extending portions are provided with flanges 29 and 30 which are embedded in the adjacent slabs. However, in this form, the water seal is provided with but one loop or bend 3|- Wh-ich is formed centrally of the metal memberV comprising the water seal and which extends upwardly into the space between the adjacent:

slabs. Under ordinary conditions this single loop of the water seal will be suicient to provide for freedom of exure due to the movement of the In this figure, I have shown a.

adjacent slabs. portion of a removable core mold 32 which rests on the portions 25 and 26 of the water seal. This structure will be more fully described in connection with description of Figs. 8 and 9. In this case also I have provided a shield 33 which prevents movement of a subsoil into the loop of the water seal which is located in the space between the adjacent slabs.

In Fig. 3 I have shown the same water seal as that illustrated in Fig. 2. In this case I have indicated a manner of supporting upon the said seal a block or strip of pre-molded bituminous material. Referecence numeral 35 indicates a strip of such material which will ll the space between adjacent slabs of the pavement. This premolded bituminous material may be supported by means of metal plates 36 which rest upon the water seal and exclude concrete from bonding to and preventing free lexure of said loop 3l. The said plates 36 may be provided with punched out tongues 3lI which are embedded in the strip 35 so as to securely fasten the same.

It will be noted that the block 35 of bituminous material does not extend to the bottom of the space between theslabs but that it terminates and rests upon the top of the loop 3| of the water seal. This results in a considerable saving of bituminous material in the installation of pre-molded joints.

In Fig. 4 I have shown a further modication of my water seal. In this case the water seal comprises a metal member having a centrally formed loop or bend 40 which is located in the space between adjacent slabs 4| and 42 of the pavement. This water seal is provided with laterally extending portions 43 and M which are bent upwardly and embedded in the adjacent slabs. This type of structure will also form an effective seal against the passage of moisture through the joint into the subsoil. I-Iere, also,

I have provided a shield 45 which prevents the subsoil from entering into the loop 48, thus assuring free flexing movement of the seal,

Fig. shows a further modication of the water seal. In this case I have provided a metal member having a centrally formed loop or bend il provided with marginal portions 48 and 49 which extend upwardly into the space between the adjacent slabs of the pavement and which are provided at their upper edges with marginal flanges 58 and 5l which are embedded in the said pavement slabs. This structure also forms a seal against the passage of moisture through the joint into the subgrade.

Here, again, I have provided a shield 52 for preventing movement of the subsoil into the loop of the water seal.

In Fig. 6 I have shown a so-called dummy contraction joint to which the water seal of my invention has been applied. A dummy joint is merely a crevice formed in the pavement to establish a weakened plane which will predetermine the location of a contraction crack or joint. In the said Fig. 6, reference numeral 55 indicates a section of a pavement in which there is a contraction crack or crevice 56 'extending from the upper surface to the lower surface of the pavement. At and near the upper surface, the crevice is filled with suitable bituminous material 51.

In the case of the structure shown in Fig. 6, I also employ a water seal extending along the joint from one longitudinal edge of the pavement to the other which will prevent Athe passage of water through the dummy joint into the subsoil. The water seal proper comprises a corrugated metal plate 58 extending under the dummy joint and under the adjacent parts of the slab for some appreciable distance on each side of the possible location of a crack. vThis water seal is corrugated so as 'to provide for exing movement occasioned by any movement of the adjacent sections of the pavement. The water seal is protected by a shield 59 which underlies the same and prevents the subsoil from packing into the corrugations of the seal which would result in destroying its free flexing movement. To prevent the entry of the paving material into the upper part of the corrugations in the seal, I employ an upper shield 6G which rests upon the water seal 58 in the manner shown. The said water seal 58 is provided with marginal flanges ,6| and 62 which are bent upwardly and embeded in the pavement. It will be seen that this structure provides an effective seal against the entry of water into the subsoil through the crack or crevice 56.

In Fig. '7 I have shown a modication of my invention as applied to a so-called dummy contraction joint In this gure, reference numeral 65 indicates a section of pavement which is provided with crevice 66 which forms a so-called dummy joint. At and near the upper surface of the pavement, the said crevice is lled with suitable bituminous material 61. In this figure I have also provided a water seal comprising a looped member 68 having laterally extending flanges 69 which underlie adjacent sections of the pavement and which are provided with marginal iianges 16 which are bent upwardly and embedded in the pavement. The water seal is protected at the bottom by a suitable shield 1l. To prevent movement of the paving material into contact with the loop of the seal, I have provided a shield I2 which surrounds the said loop, as clearly shown in Fig. 7. Thus, by this arrangement there will be no interference with the free flexing movement 0f the water seal on account of the impacting of the paving material or the subsoil. The arrangement shown in this figure is such that the space around the loop 68 predetermines the weakest cross-section of the pavement, thereby assuring the location of the eventual contraction crack or crevice. For example. if the crevice be somewhat misplaced as shown in Vdotted lines at 66a and 61a in said Fig. '7, the contraction crack or crevice will nevertheless find its place to the seal because the seal locates the weakest cross-section of the pavement.

The foregoing description is directed particularly to various forms of construction of the water seal of my invention. I will now describe how the said seal is arranged in combination with a removable core mold which provides space between adjacent p-avement slabs for the formation of an expansion joint.

In Fig. 8 I have shown in perspective and in section an .arrangement of a removable core mold in combination with one of the forms of water seal heretofore described. The core mold comprises an inverted U-shaped metal structure of box-like form made up in a pair of end sections i5 and a removable center section 18. The said center section I5 may be secured to the end sections by a suitable interlocking fastening having an extending tenon from the side section into and within the center section permitting upward withdrawal of said center section. When required the center section 'i6 is provided in its top edge with a substantially V-shaped notch for the purpose of constructing a longitudinal dummy joint in the center of the pavement, usually 'lled with bituminous material and serving as a tramo lane division mark.

Long distances of rural concrete pavement are built with standard or uniform dimensions of cross-section. The same dimensions for the size and location of expansion joints are repeated throughout the length of the Work. Steel core molds to form'expansion joint spaces, which. are removable and can be used again and again are economical and desirable. Using a plurality of sections which interlock to form the completed joint space opening is al novel means of taking advantage of the customary symmetrical design of the cross section of such pavements, using end sections conforming to the particular dimensions of the prescribed pavement and an interlocking center section. The various parts are respectively interchangeable and damage or accident to any of them requires the removal of that part only.

Since the marker forming the impression of a longitudinal dummy'joint in the center of a pavement must, in this type of construction, intersect the transverse joints, a notch in the core mold ofthe transverse joint is required to provide means for a practical and rapid forming of such dummy joints. Using the plurality of sections of the core mold of this invention permits such a notch to be placed in the center section and the easy Withdrawal and removal of the core molds as the Work progresses.

Each of the end sections 'l5 carries a plurality of dovrei bars 18 having sockets 'i9 at one end thereof. These dowel bars, as is Well understood, are left embedded in the pavement and, hence, the core mold must be so constructed as to permit removal of the core While the bars are left in place. Io this end', the side walls of the end sections are provided with openings 80 which are covered by plates 3l. 'Ihe said plates 8| have openings 82 therein which are of a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the doWel bars. The edges of said openings are provided with incuts so that when the bars are passed through the said plates they will be held by frictional contact. The lower edges of said plates 8i are provided with bent-over flanges 83 which engage under the bottom edges of the core mold. Thesaid plates may be provided with one or more reenforcing ribs B. This manner of mounting the dovfel bars in the sections of the core mold permits removal of the core mold while the dovvel bars remain embedded in the pavement. It will be understood that the cover plates 8l also remain embedded in and bonded to the pavement. Since these cover plates are of inexpensive construction nothing substantial is added to the cost of making the joint.

In order to support the core mold in Vertical position during the laying of the pavement and the first striking off operation, I provide a number of braces for each of the end sections 1.5. These braces comprise a yoke shaped member 85 having a supporting bar 86 which is notched at its outer extremity and rests against a stake 8l driven into the subgrade. By this arrangement, the core mold is adequately supported in vertical position during the times heretofore stated. After the paving material has been poured, and puddled into. place and the preliminary strike oif and nishing operations completed, the support 85 may be pulled out, leaving the stake 81 embedded in the subgrade. This is a Very simple operation and is inexpensive because the only material expended is that used in the formation of the stakes 81.

I also provide a means for supporting the core mold at its ends, that is to say, at the end adjacent the longitudinal edge of the pavement. In Fig. 8, reference numeral 88 indicates the side form or support for the pavement. 89 indicates an end support for the core mold comprising a plate provided at its edges with stakes 90 Welded or fastened securely to said plate and which are adapted to be driven into the subgrade. In part these stakes support the plate 89 in vertical position, but are particularly intended to resist displacement along the face of the side form during the placement and the striking off of the pavement material.

Substantially centrally of the said plate 89 I have provided an open bottom inverted U-shaped housing 9i which is also open at its front so that the end of the core mold section l5 may be ins erted therein and held rigidly in vertical position. The plate 89 is provided with suitable openings 92 into which a tool or the fingers of an operator may be inserted when the plate 89 is to be removed.

In order to prevent the end plate 89 from overturning in extremely soft subgrade soil I provide a .number of scrap metal plates 93 Which when slipped under the edge of plate 89 and the bottom of the side form, provides any needed bearing area ior support.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the core mold of my invention will be assembled in sections before it is laid down in position to form the space required for the expansion Joint in the pavement. Each of the end sections l5 is assembled with its dovvel bars and cover plates 8i in place and the Water seal secured thereby by means of suitable tie wires 94. 'I'he end plates 85 are driven into place between the end of the core mold and the face of the side form and thereupon the end sections 'i5 of the core mold are positioned within the housing or anges 9i of the said end plates. Then the center section 'I6 is slipped into place interlocking the adjacent end sections.

Iii Fig. 13 I have shown a means for interlocking the center section with the end sections of the core mold. The end sections 15 are provided with a casting 95 inserted in the end thereof and held in place by any suitable means. The casting 95 has ya tongue 86 and an aperture 8'! The metal sides of the center section 16 forms a recess or loop, into which the tongue 96 is adapted to fit. The casting 98 is provided with a lug .E00 Which is adapted to seat in the aperture v9'! in the casting 95. This forms a simple means for locking the sections of the core mold together. Also, the parts may be readily separated when th'erore mold is to be removed.

lis being accomplished, the brace positioned with the extremities of the biacae5 b: 85 resting on the subgrade. Stakes 81 are then placed in the notches provided in the extremities of the brace bars and driven into the subgrade. When the concrete or other paving material has been puddled into place and the preliminary strike-ofi and finishing operations completed and While it is still soft, the braces 85 and end plate supports 89 are removed. During all construction operations up to this point, which includes all of the major puddling and casting movements of the paving material with the incidental displacement strains and stresses, the core mold has been rigidly supported in a vertical plane against overturning or displacement from position. After the removable joint braces 85 and end supports agace-,ses

89 are withdrawn,l only a surface finishing operationremains, which of; itself cannot deformthe position of the core mold.

After the initial set of the concrete has occurred the corev mold assembly is removed. The center interlocking section 1.6.is rst removedafter which the endsectionsare raised and partially removed. While in this raised, position any required: edging of the adjacent slab ends is done using. the sides of the core mold for a guide. -After the edging operations the sections are entirely removed which completes the construction of the expansion joint space or opening. Filling this space with bituminous or other materials follows later.

It will'be understood that during the pouring of the paving material, the cover plates 8l prevent the passage of any of this paving material through the openings linto the interior of the core mold. These plates are left in place embedded and bonded to thel concrete.

The dowel bars are left in place in their proper positions to function in the customary manner.

The water seal band'is left in its proper position with its edges sealed into the adjacent concrete slabs and providing a bend or loop of the seal band, free of any bond or restraining contact with said adjacent slabs, capable of absorbing such pavement movement as the design of the joint interval and space requires.

It will be understood that with very little modication the removable joint braces 85 and end supports 89 may be applied to the installation of any types of pavement joint assembly or material, such use of these devices being covered by this invention.

From the foregoing it will be understood that the assembly of the removable core mold and the water seal is made and placed upon the subgrade in the manner shown in Fig. 8. When the various operations upon the pavement have been completed to the extent that the material has sufficiently set, the tie wires S4 are broken whereupon the core mold may be removed, thus leaving the water seal embedded in the pavement in the manner heretofore described. This method of placing a water seal at the bottom of a joint space, I believe to be wholly new and represents a marked improvement in the art of road building and particularly that phase of it which is concerned with the creation of expansion joints.

I claim as my invention:

1. A removable core mold for providing space for expansion joints in pavements and the like, comprising a plurality of separable sections, and a removable interlocking member for connecting adjacent sections.

2. A removable core mold for providing space for expansion joints in pavements and the like, comprising a plurality of sections, a removable interconnecting member for longitudinally joining said sections into a continuous joint-forming structure, and a separable seal underlying said sections and said member.

3. An assembly for providing space for expansion joints in pavements and the like and for sealing said space against the passage of moisture to the pavement subgrade, comprising a jointforming member having dowel bars passing therethrough, said member being provided with openings below said bars, separable means for closing said openings to prevent passage of paving material into said openings, and a separable seal tending into. said'. pavement space adjacent said pavement subgrade.

4. The combinationwitha.removable core mold for. providing spacek for' expansion jointsin-pavements and the like, ofia removable end support comprising a plate having means tor` receive and support an endtof saidicore. mold, and means for supportingsaid plateonthesubgra'de;

5. The combination with a removable core mold andithe side formfor. a pavement, of a removable support for saidl core. mold comprising a plate located between any end off saidcore moldfandthe inner face of said form, saida plate having means to receive and) support anV end' of said: core mold, and means removably supporting said plate on the subgrade.

6. The `combination with'ea removable core mold of. a removable side support andbrace, comprising a member engagingaasideof saidrmoldand havingA an extension bearingagainst a stake. driven into the subgrade.

'7. The combination with a removable core mold of means for supportingsaid mold in upright position, said means comprising a pair of removable members engaging opposite sides of said mold, each of said members having a lateral extension bearing against a stake driven into the subgrade.

8. A removable core mold for providing space for expansion joints in pavements and thelike, comprising a plurality of separable sections, and a removable interlocking member for connecting adjacent sections, said removable interlocking member being provided with a notch for the forming of a dummy joint longitudinally of said pavement.

9. A removable core mold for providing space for expansion joints in pavements and the like, comprising a plurality of separable sections, said sections being provided with notches extending upwardly from its bottom edge, cover plates overlying said notches, apertures in said cover plates for the passage of dowel bars therethrough, and a removable interlocking member for -connecting adjacent sections, said removable interlocking member being provided with a notch for the forming of a dummy joint longitudinally of said pavement.

10. An assembly for providing space for expansion joints in pavement and the like, comprising a member having bottom edge anges, said member being provided with notches extending upwardly irom its bottom edge, and cover plates overlying said notches and being formed with portions to grip the bottom edge flanges adjacent the notches.

1l. An assembly for providing expansion space in pavements and the like and for sealing said space against the passage of moisture which comprises, a sealing member having outwardly and upwardly extending side fins, and a central fiexibility imparting convolution, a pair of vertical plates arranged substantially parallel to each other and spaced from said convolution, and a vertical slab of transversely compressible mateunderlying said member and having anges eX- rial positioned between said plates.

12. An assembly for providing expansion space in pavements and the like and for sealing said space against the passage of moisture which comprises, a sealing member having outwardly and upwardly extending side ns, and a central flexibility imparting convolution, a pair of vertical plates arranged substantially parallel to each other and spaced from said convolution, a Vertical slab of transversely compressible material positioned between said plates, and protector means beneath said convolution.

13. A removable Icore mold for providing space for expansion space in pavement and the like comprising an open bottom channel having downwardly extending side walls, a sealing member for closing the expansion space near the bottom of the pavement or the like, said sealing member being formed with an upward fold, said sealing member being assembled against the open bottom member with the fold oriented so as to lie within the side walls and to form a relatively tight t therewith.

14. A removable core mold for providing space for expansion space in pavement and the like comprising an open bottom channel having downwardly extending side walls, a sealing member for closing the expansion space near the bottom of the pavement or the like, said sealing member being formed with an upward fold, and

-outwardly disposed continuous ns elevated above the base of the seal so as to be embedded in the pavement or the like, said sealing member being assembled against the open bottom member with the fold oriented so as to lie within th side walls and to form a relatively tight t therewith.

15. A removable core mold for providing an expansion space in pavement comprising a member having downwardly extending spaced side walls for forming said expansion space, said side walls being notched upwardly to receive dowel bars across said space, and means to close said notches and to support dowel bars in position for casting pavement sections around them comprising sheet metal plates, the plates being folded over at the bottom to engage the bottom edge of said side walls.

16. In apparatus for concrete road building or the like, a removable member dening a space between adjacent slabs While the concrete is being poured, a combined slab connector and sealing member for the bottom of said slot detachably carried by and initially positioned by said removable member, and said slab connector having lateral concrete engaging portions.

CLYDE L. METHVEN. 

